Anxiety affects millions of people across the UK. Around 8 million people live with an anxiety disorder at any one time, according to Mind. The symptoms are treatable. The causes are well understood. Learning what drives your own anxiety is the first step towards feeling better, and this guide draws on the latest research from the NHS and NICE guidelines.

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is what the body does when it meets stress or danger, and in small measure it earns its place: attention tightens and the body readies itself to act. Trouble begins once that response runs too hot, or will not switch off, or starts to crowd out everyday life, and at that stage it may be described as an anxiety disorder. The World Health Organisation ranks anxiety among the mental health conditions doctors see most often worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Anxiety

Physical Symptoms

• Rapid heartbeat and palpitations
• Muscle tension
• Sweating and trembling
• Difficulty sleeping
• Shortness of breath
• Stomach problems

Psychological Symptoms

• Excessive worry
• Restlessness and irritability
• Difficulty concentrating
• Racing thoughts
• Catastrophic thinking
• Avoidance behaviours

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Chronic, excessive worry about everyday situations. According to NICE, GAD affects up to 5% of the UK population.

Panic Disorder

Panic attacks that strike without warning and come back again, each one carrying intense physical symptoms.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A marked fear of social situations, driven by the sense of being judged by other people.

Specific Phobias

Irrational fear of specific objects, situations, or activities.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions). These are treatable. Learn more about OCD treatment.

Causes of Anxiety

Anxiety disorders result from a combination of factors:

• Genetics: Family history of anxiety or depression
• Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters
• Life experiences: Trauma, stress, or significant life changes
• Personality: Certain personality types are more prone to anxiety
• Physical health: Some medical conditions can cause anxiety symptoms

Treatment Options for Anxiety

1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Recommended by NICE, CBT counts as the gold-standard approach for anxiety: it helps you spot negative thought patterns, then change both those thoughts and the behaviours attached to them.

2. Medication

Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs) and anti-anxiety medications can be effective. Consult your GP or a psychiatrist before starting treatment.

3. Mindfulness and Relaxation

Techniques like mindfulness meditation, deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation can reduce anxiety symptoms. They work best when practised regularly.

4. Lifestyle Changes

• Regular exercise
• Balanced diet
• Adequate sleep
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol
• Stress management techniques

When to Seek Professional Help

Support is worth looking into when your anxiety does any of the following:

• Its effects spill into work, relationships and daily activities
• Causes significant distress
• Has persisted for several weeks or months
• Is accompanied by depression or other mental health concerns

At seekapsych, we specialise in matching people with the right anxiety specialist. Our therapists use evidence-based approaches recommended by NICE to help you manage anxiety and regain control of your life.

Resources: Mind | Samaritans | NHS Mental Health | Anxiety UK

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